Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Ginkgoside compounds are active constituents of Ginkgo biloba extracts, which have been widely studied for their potential effects on cognitive function and dementia. Clinical trials and meta-analyses have evaluated standardized Ginkgo biloba extracts (typically EGb 761, containing defined amounts of ginkgosides and terpene lactones) in patients with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. Some studies report modest benefits in cognitive function, activities of daily living, and global clinical assessment compared to placebo, particularly in mild to moderate dementia. For example, a 2020 Cochrane review concluded that Ginkgo biloba may have small positive effects on cognition and quality of life in people with dementia, but noted that the clinical relevance remains uncertain and the evidence quality is moderate due to heterogeneity among studies.

Mechanistically, ginkgosides are thought to exert neuroprotective effects via antioxidant activity, modulation of neurotransmitter systems, and improvement of cerebral blood flow. However, while there is scientific interest and some supporting evidence, results are inconsistent, and major guidelines do not universally recommend Ginkgo biloba for dementia due to variability in preparation quality and modest effect sizes. In summary, the use of ginkgosides for dementia is supported by moderate scientific evidence, but more rigorous, long-term trials are needed to clarify their clinical benefit.

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