Evidence supporting the use of: DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)
For the health condition: Dementia

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is a major structural component of the brain. Its use in dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, is primarily justified by scientific rationale and some clinical studies, rather than by traditional medicine. Preclinical research shows that DHA is crucial for neuronal membrane fluidity, synaptic function, and neuroprotection. Observational studies have found that higher dietary intake of DHA or higher blood DHA levels are associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline and dementia. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have yielded mixed results. Some studies suggest that DHA supplementation may slow cognitive decline in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or very early stages of dementia, but most large RCTs in people with established Alzheimer’s disease have failed to demonstrate significant clinical benefits. Meta-analyses indicate that DHA may have a modest effect in slowing cognitive decline if started early, but the effect size is small. Current guidelines do not recommend DHA supplementation as a primary treatment for dementia, but acknowledge its potential role in prevention or in individuals at risk. Thus, while there is a reasonable scientific rationale and some supportive evidence, the overall strength of evidence is limited and does not robustly support DHA as a treatment for established dementia.

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