Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Carotenoids, a class of pigments found in plants (such as beta-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin), have been investigated for their potential role in supporting cognitive health, including dementia. The justification for their use is primarily based on scientific interest rather than strong traditional use or established clinical efficacy. Several observational studies have found that lower blood levels of certain carotenoids (notably lutein and zeaxanthin) are associated with increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. These compounds are thought to exert neuroprotective effects through their antioxidant properties and their ability to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are implicated in the pathogenesis of dementia.

However, intervention studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating carotenoid supplementation for prevention or treatment of dementia have provided mixed and generally weak results. While some small-scale studies suggest modest cognitive benefits, large, well-controlled trials have not conclusively demonstrated that supplementation with carotenoids significantly improves cognitive outcomes or halts the progression of dementia. As such, the overall quality of evidence is low to moderate and does not support routine use of carotenoids as a treatment for dementia at this time. Ongoing research may clarify their role, particularly in prevention or as part of a broader dietary approach.

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