Evidence supporting the use of: Fruit acid (mixed)
For the health condition: Dandruff

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Fruit acids, commonly referred to as alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) such as glycolic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid, have a scientific basis for their use in treating dandruff. Dandruff is often associated with excessive shedding of dead skin cells and sometimes with Malassezia yeast overgrowth. Fruit acids work primarily as exfoliants, promoting the removal of dead skin cells from the scalp and reducing scaling and flaking. Several clinical studies and dermatological reviews have noted that AHAs can improve scalp conditions by reducing hyperkeratosis (thickening of the outer skin layer) and facilitating the penetration of other topical medications. Some shampoos and scalp treatments formulated for dandruff include fruit acids to enhance desquamation and provide smoother, healthier scalp skin. Additionally, mild antimicrobial activity has been described for certain AHAs, which may further help manage dandruff symptoms. However, the bulk of evidence is from small clinical trials or studies on general seborrheic dermatitis rather than large-scale randomized controlled trials specifically targeting dandruff. Consequently, the evidence is moderate but not overwhelming, justifying a rating of 3 out of 5. Overall, the use of mixed fruit acids in dandruff treatments is scientifically plausible and supported by mechanistic studies and limited clinical data, but more robust trials are warranted.

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