Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Lactococcus lactis has been investigated as a probiotic with potential benefits in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease. The scientific basis for its use is relatively limited but emerging. Some preclinical studies (cell culture and animal models) suggest that genetically modified strains of L. lactis can deliver anti-inflammatory proteins (such as IL-10) directly to the gut, reducing inflammation. For example, L. lactis engineered to secrete IL-10 has shown promising results in animal models of colitis, which is somewhat related to Crohn’s disease pathophysiology. Early-phase human trials, such as Braat et al. (2006, PNAS), have tested these strains for safety and preliminary efficacy. Results indicated safety and tolerability, and while some anti-inflammatory effects were noted, the magnitude of benefit for Crohn's disease specifically remains uncertain.

There is little to no traditional use of L. lactis specifically for Crohn’s disease, as it is more commonly known as a starter culture in dairy fermentation. The scientific evidence supporting its use is still in the early stages, primarily involving engineered strains rather than wild-type L. lactis. Meta-analyses and clinical guidelines do not currently recommend L. lactis as a standard probiotic therapy for Crohn's disease due to the lack of robust clinical trial data. Therefore, while there is a scientific rationale and some preliminary evidence, it is not strong or conclusive.

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