Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Bifidobacterium species are among the most studied probiotic bacteria for gastrointestinal health. Their use in Crohn's disease (CD) is based primarily on the hypothesis that alterations in the gut microbiota ("dysbiosis") contribute to CD pathogenesis, and that restoring a healthier microbial balance may reduce inflammation. Some small clinical studies and pilot trials have examined the effects of Bifidobacterium-containing probiotics (often in combination with other strains, such as in the multi-strain product VSL#3) in people with inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease. However, while there is modest evidence for benefit in ulcerative colitis and pouchitis, the evidence supporting the use of Bifidobacterium in Crohn's disease specifically is limited and inconsistent. Several randomized controlled trials have failed to demonstrate significant benefit of probiotic supplementation with Bifidobacterium species—either alone or in mixtures—for induction or maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Current clinical guidelines do not recommend probiotics as a primary therapy for Crohn's disease due to insufficient evidence. Some studies suggest theoretical benefit related to immune modulation and barrier function, but robust, reproducible clinical effects have not been confirmed. Thus, while there is a scientific rationale and some preliminary investigation, the overall quality and consistency of evidence remain low, and more research is needed.

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