Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Calcium is commonly used to support or treat muscle cramps and spasms, and there is a scientific basis for this practice, although the strength of evidence is moderate rather than conclusive. Calcium plays a crucial role in muscle contraction and nerve function. In the body, calcium ions are essential for the excitation-contraction coupling in muscle fibers. Low levels of calcium (hypocalcemia) can increase neuromuscular irritability, leading to symptoms such as muscle cramps, spasms, and even tetany (involuntary muscle contractions). Clinical studies have shown that individuals with calcium deficiency, such as those with hypoparathyroidism or vitamin D deficiency, frequently present with muscle cramps and spasms, and supplementation can alleviate these symptoms. However, in the general population, especially among athletes or the elderly, the evidence supporting calcium supplementation for the prevention or treatment of cramps is less robust. Randomized controlled trials have produced mixed results, and often other factors such as hydration, electrolyte balance (including magnesium and potassium), and underlying medical conditions play significant roles. In summary, while calcium supplementation is clearly indicated for cramps and spasms associated with documented hypocalcemia, its use for idiopathic or exercise-associated cramps in otherwise healthy individuals is supported by moderate evidence. It is most beneficial when a deficiency is present.

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