Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from five-carbon isoprene units. Many essential oils and plant extracts used for medicinal purposes contain terpenoids, notably those from eucalyptus, thyme, and menthol-containing plants. There is scientific evidence supporting the use of certain terpenoids as antitussive (cough-suppressing) and spasmolytic (spasm-reducing) agents, particularly for coughs with a spastic component.

For example, eucalyptol (1,8-cineole), a monoterpenoid found in eucalyptus oil, has demonstrated mucolytic and bronchodilatory effects in both preclinical and some clinical studies, aiding in the relief of cough and bronchial irritation. Menthol, another well-known terpenoid, is commonly used in over-the-counter cough remedies and has shown the ability to reduce cough reflex sensitivity. Thymol and carvacrol, terpenoids from thyme and oregano, also possess antispasmodic and antimicrobial properties that may alleviate cough symptoms.

However, while several terpenoids have shown promise, most clinical data are limited in scale and quality, often relying on traditional usage and small trials or animal studies. Systematic reviews suggest modest efficacy for some terpenoid-rich preparations, but more high-quality, large-scale clinical trials are needed to conclusively establish their effectiveness for spastic cough. Overall, the use of terpenoids for spastic cough is supported by both mechanistic research and some clinical evidence, justifying a moderate rating.

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