Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Piper retrofractum, commonly known as Javanese long pepper, has a long history of use in traditional medicine systems, especially in Southeast Asia, for the management of coughs, including spastic or irritating coughs. Traditional healers have used the dried fruit as a component in herbal formulations intended to soothe respiratory issues and relieve cough symptoms. The rationale for its use is largely based on its pungent properties and warming effects, which are believed to help clear mucus and ease bronchial irritation. In Jamu (Indonesian traditional medicine), Piper retrofractum is sometimes used singly or in combination with other herbs for conditions involving cough and throat discomfort.

However, scientific validation for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects is limited. Some preliminary in vitro and animal studies report that certain compounds in Piper species, such as piperine, may have anti-inflammatory or bronchodilatory actions, which could theoretically contribute to cough relief. Nonetheless, direct clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of Piper retrofractum specifically for spastic cough in humans is lacking. Most available data pertain to related species (like Piper longum or Piper nigrum) or are anecdotal and derived from ethnobotanical surveys. In summary, the use of Piper retrofractum for spastic cough is primarily justified by traditional practice rather than robust scientific evidence.

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