Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Menthol is commonly used in over-the-counter cough remedies, such as lozenges, ointments, and syrups, to alleviate symptoms of spastic (irritative) cough. Its primary mechanism of action is through activation of cold-sensitive TRPM8 receptors in the throat, which creates a cooling sensation and can reduce the sensation of irritation that triggers coughing. This sensory modulation provides a soothing effect, making coughs less frequent and less severe.

Scientific evidence supporting menthol's use for cough is moderate. Several clinical studies indicate that menthol can reduce the cough reflex threshold, meaning a higher stimulus is required to trigger a cough after menthol administration. For example, a randomized controlled trial published in Chest (2008) showed that inhaled menthol vapors increase the cough threshold in healthy volunteers. However, the overall efficacy is modest, and other studies suggest that the benefit is primarily in symptomatic relief rather than a cure for underlying conditions. Major medical guidelines generally consider menthol safe and potentially helpful for short-term symptom relief, but they also note a lack of large, high-quality clinical trials demonstrating substantial clinical benefit.

In summary, menthol's use for spastic cough is supported by both its pharmacological action and moderate clinical evidence. It is widely accepted as a symptomatic treatment, though not as a definitive therapy for cough due to underlying disease.

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