Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 3

Fritillary, specifically the bulbs of Fritillaria cirrhosa and related species (known as "Chuan Bei Mu" in Traditional Chinese Medicine), has a long-standing history of use for treating cough, particularly spastic or dry coughs. In TCM, Fritillary bulbs are classified as herbs that "transform phlegm and stop cough," and are often included in classic formulas intended to relieve coughs due to heat or dryness in the lungs. Historical Chinese medical texts, such as the Shennong Bencao Jing and later materia medica, describe its use for chronic coughs and difficult-to-expectorate sputum. Modern pharmacological studies have identified certain alkaloids in Fritillary (e.g., peimine, peiminine) that may exert antitussive (cough-suppressing) and expectorant effects in animal models. However, high-quality clinical trials in humans are lacking, and most evidence is derived from traditional use and in vitro or animal studies. Thus, while traditional justification is strong and there is some pharmacological rationale, robust clinical validation is limited. The evidence rating of 3 reflects well-established traditional use with some preliminary scientific support, but not enough high-level clinical evidence to rate it higher.

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