Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Asarum heterotropoides, commonly known as wild ginger or "Xi Xin" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has a long history of use for treating coughs, including spastic (or spasmodic) coughs. In TCM, it is regarded as a warming herb that disperses cold and relieves pain, and is included in classical formulas such as Ma Huang Tang and Xiao Qing Long Tang to address coughs with cold and phlegm presentations. The rationale for its use is rooted in traditional theory, where it is believed to "warm the lungs" and "resolve phlegm". However, modern scientific evidence directly supporting its efficacy for spastic cough is very limited. Some pharmacological studies indicate that Asarum species contain volatile oils (e.g., methyl eugenol, safrole, and asarone) with potential anti-inflammatory and antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects, but these findings are largely preclinical and not specific to spastic cough in human populations. Additionally, safety concerns exist due to the presence of aristolochic acids, which are nephrotoxic and carcinogenic, leading to regulatory restrictions in some countries. In summary, Asarum heterotropoides’ use for spastic cough is primarily justified by traditional practice, with only limited and indirect scientific support, and notable safety concerns.

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