Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 3

Fritillaria species, especially Fritillaria cirrhosa and Fritillaria thunbergii, have been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for centuries to treat coughs, particularly dry or unproductive coughs. In TCM, Fritillaria bulbs (known as "Chuan Bei Mu" and "Zhe Bei Mu") are valued for their ability to clear heat, moisten the lungs, and transform phlegm, making them a common ingredient in herbal formulas for respiratory complaints. Multiple classical texts and materia medica mention their use for conditions characterized by dry cough, sometimes with scanty or sticky sputum, and throat discomfort.

Modern pharmacological studies have identified alkaloids (such as peimine and peiminine) in Fritillaria species, which exhibit antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects in animal models. Some studies suggest these compounds may act on the central nervous system to reduce cough reflex sensitivity, though robust clinical trials in humans are lacking. While laboratory and animal research provides some support for the traditional use, high-quality clinical data are limited. Thus, the use of Fritillaria for dry cough is primarily justified by longstanding traditional use, with moderate pharmacological rationale but insufficient modern clinical evidence for strong scientific validation.

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