Evidence supporting the use of: Pistacia integerrima gall
For the health condition: Cough (damp)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Pistacia integerrima, commonly known as "karkatshringi" or "gall of Pistacia," is a well-known remedy in traditional Ayurvedic, Unani, and folk medicine systems of South Asia, particularly used for respiratory conditions such as cough (including "damp" or productive cough). The primary historical use is as an expectorant and anti-tussive. Ancient Ayurvedic texts like the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita mention karkatshringi as a remedy for various cough presentations—especially those with phlegm (kaphaja kasa), aligning with the concept of "damp cough" (a cough with mucus/phlegm rather than dry cough). Traditional preparations often utilize the gall (an abnormal plant growth caused by insects) in decoctions, powders, or syrups. The rationale in Ayurveda is that karkatshringi helps to clear excess kapha (phlegm, dampness) from the lungs and airways, thus relieving productive cough. Modern scientific validation is limited. Some preliminary pharmacological studies indicate that extracts of Pistacia integerrima galls possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and mild bronchodilatory effects, which could theoretically support its use in respiratory tract infections and cough. However, robust clinical trials are lacking. The evidence is thus primarily traditional, with some weak supportive lab-based findings, but not enough for strong scientific endorsement.

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