Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Dipeptides, which are molecules consisting of two amino acids linked by a single peptide bond, have scientific backing for their use in supporting convalescence (the recovery period after illness or surgery). During convalescence, the body's demand for protein and amino acids increases to support tissue repair, immune function, and overall recovery. Dipeptides are more easily absorbed in the small intestine compared to free amino acids or larger peptides, due to the efficient transport systems for di- and tripeptides (such as the PEPT1 transporter).

Clinical nutrition products, especially those formulated for enteral (tube) feeding in hospitalized or recovering patients, often include dipeptides (e.g., alanyl-glutamine, glycyl-glutamine). Studies have shown that certain dipeptides can improve nitrogen balance, support gut integrity, and promote faster recovery in critically ill or postoperative patients compared to standard amino acid mixtures. For example, alanyl-glutamine supplementation has demonstrated benefits in maintaining mucosal integrity and reducing infection rates in patients undergoing major surgery or experiencing severe illness.

However, while there is a sound biochemical rationale and some clinical evidence supporting the inclusion of dipeptides in nutritional support during convalescence, the overall quality and quantity of clinical trials are moderate. Most evidence pertains to specific dipeptides rather than "unspecified" dipeptides. Thus, the evidence rating is moderate, reflecting potential benefits but also the need for further high-quality clinical trials.

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