The use of Chinese Mountain Ant (Polyrhachis vicina or related species) in supporting convalescence is primarily justified by traditional medicine practices, especially within Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). In TCM, mountain ants have been used for centuries as a tonic to enhance vitality, strengthen the body after illness, and promote recovery. The ant is believed to be rich in nutrients such as amino acids, vitamins, trace minerals (notably zinc), and polysaccharides, which are thought to contribute to improved immune function and general well-being. Historical texts and materia medica document the use of mountain ant preparations for people recovering from fatigue, chronic illnesses, or general weakness.

However, while there are some modern laboratory and animal studies suggesting immune-modulating and anti-fatigue effects of Polyrhachis ant extracts, there is a lack of robust clinical trials in humans specifically validating its efficacy in convalescence. The available evidence supporting its use for this purpose is thus largely traditional with some preliminary scientific investigation, but not enough to elevate the evidence rating. Accordingly, mountain ant remains a traditional remedy for convalescence with limited but promising scientific interest.