Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Beta-glucans are naturally occurring polysaccharides found in the cell walls of cereals, bacteria, and fungi. There is some scientific evidence that beta-glucans can modulate the immune system, which has led to their use as an adjunct in supporting resistance to infectious (contagious) diseases. Beta-glucans are recognized for their ability to activate components of the innate immune system, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells, enhancing their ability to detect and destroy pathogens.

Several animal studies and a limited number of human clinical trials have suggested that beta-glucan supplementation may reduce the incidence or severity of certain upper respiratory tract infections, especially in populations under stress or with compromised immunity. For example, randomized controlled trials in athletes and children have shown modest reductions in the incidence and duration of cold and flu episodes. Beta-glucans have also been investigated as adjuncts to vaccines and as immunostimulants in cancer patients, with some positive effects on immune parameters, though clinical outcomes remain inconclusive.

However, the overall quality of evidence remains moderate to low: studies are often small, show variable results, and meta-analyses highlight the need for larger, well-designed trials. No major medical organization currently recommends beta-glucans as a primary or sole treatment for contagious diseases. Thus, while there is a plausible biological basis and some human data, the evidence is not strong enough to support routine clinical use for preventing or treating contagious diseases at this time.

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