Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is an endogenous antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, thereby reducing oxidative stress. In the context of conjunctivitis—particularly allergic or viral forms—oxidative stress and inflammation play significant roles in the pathophysiology. Several preclinical studies and limited clinical investigations suggest that enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, including SOD activity, may help mitigate conjunctival inflammation and tissue damage.

A few animal studies have shown that exogenous SOD or SOD mimetics can reduce ocular surface inflammation and oxidative damage following chemical or allergic insults. For example, topical or injectable SOD has been found to decrease inflammatory markers and histological signs of conjunctivitis in animal models. However, clinical studies in humans specifically examining SOD supplementation or topical formulations for conjunctivitis are sparse and generally small scale or preliminary. Most available evidence comes from broader studies on antioxidants in ocular surface diseases or from extrapolation of SOD’s role in oxidative stress reduction.

In conclusion, while the use of SOD for conjunctivitis is based on plausible biological mechanisms and some animal research, robust clinical data in humans is lacking. Thus, the evidence supporting its use is limited (rated 2/5), and further controlled human studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety in conjunctivitis treatment.

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