Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Capsaicinoids, particularly capsaicin, are supported by some scientific evidence for the treatment of nasal congestion, especially in the context of non-allergic rhinitis. Capsaicin is the active compound in chili peppers responsible for their pungency. When applied intranasally in low concentrations, capsaicin has been shown in several clinical studies to reduce nasal congestion and improve symptoms in patients with non-allergic (idiopathic) rhinitis. The mechanism involves desensitization of sensory neurons and modulation of neuropeptides, leading to a reduction in nasal hyperreactivity and congestion.

For example, a randomized controlled trial published in Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (2011) demonstrated that intranasal capsaicin significantly improved symptoms of nasal congestion and overall quality of life in patients with non-allergic rhinitis compared to placebo. The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS) 2020 also notes intranasal capsaicin as a possible treatment for non-allergic rhinitis, though it is not recommended for allergic rhinitis or congestion related to infection.

However, it is important to note that capsaicin is not a mainstream therapy for most types of congestion, and its use may cause temporary burning or irritation. The evidence base is moderate, with several small-scale human studies but limited large-scale or long-term data. Thus, while there is scientific support for a specific subset of congestion (non-allergic rhinitis), the overall rating of evidence is moderate (3/5).

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