Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Triterpenes, a class of phytochemicals found in many medicinal plants (such as Centella asiatica, Ganoderma lucidum, and Glycyrrhiza glabra), have been investigated for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, which are relevant in the context of colitis. Preclinical studies using animal models of colitis (such as dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice) have repeatedly demonstrated that various triterpenes, including asiatic acid, glycyrrhizin, and ursolic acid, can reduce inflammation, limit oxidative stress, and protect the intestinal mucosa. These effects are believed to be mediated via inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and enhancement of antioxidant defenses.

There are, however, very limited clinical studies in humans. Most evidence is based on in vitro and animal studies, with only a few small pilot trials or case reports suggesting possible benefit in human patients with inflammatory bowel disease. While the biological plausibility and preclinical data are encouraging, the lack of robust, large-scale human clinical trials limits the strength of the evidence. Thus, triterpenes are considered promising adjuncts but are not currently a mainstay of treatment for colitis. More research is needed to establish safety, efficacy, dosing, and mechanisms in humans.

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