Plantain (Plantago major) has a long history of traditional use for gastrointestinal ailments, including colitis. In recent years, there has been some scientific exploration into its potential benefits for inflammatory bowel diseases. Several in vitro and animal studies suggest that plantain contains bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, and aucubin, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and mucoprotective effects. These properties are thought to help reduce the severity of intestinal inflammation and promote mucosal healing.

Notably, a 2014 study published in "Gut" demonstrated that plantain fiber could inhibit the adhesion of certain pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, to the gut lining, potentially reducing inflammation in the colon. Additional animal studies have shown that plantain extracts can reduce markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in models of colitis.

However, it is important to note that most research has been preclinical, with limited human clinical trials specifically addressing plantain’s efficacy in colitis patients. As such, while there is a scientific basis for its potential role in supporting colitis treatment, the evidence is not robust or definitive. The rating of 2 reflects promising early data, but a need for well-designed clinical trials to confirm these effects in humans.