Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein with known anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties, and its use for colitis is primarily supported by preliminary scientific evidence. Several preclinical studies, especially in animal models, have shown that lactoferrin supplementation can attenuate the severity of colitis. For example, studies using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice demonstrated that orally administered lactoferrin reduced inflammation, restored epithelial barrier function, and modulated immune responses by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Human studies are limited but suggest potential benefits; a small clinical trial found that lactoferrin-enriched products improved symptoms and inflammatory markers in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes colitis. The proposed mechanisms include inhibition of bacterial overgrowth, reduced mucosal inflammation, and promotion of beneficial gut microbiota. However, evidence in humans remains sparse, and larger, well-controlled trials are needed to confirm efficacy and determine optimal dosing strategies. While lactoferrin is not yet an established therapy for colitis, its favorable safety profile and promising early findings warrant further investigation. Overall, the evidence base is currently moderate (rated 2 out of 5), reflecting encouraging animal data and preliminary human observations but lacking robust clinical validation.

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