Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Lactococcus rhamnosus, more commonly referred to as Lactobacillus rhamnosus (notably the GG strain, LGG), has been investigated for its role in supporting or treating colitis, especially ulcerative colitis and other forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The scientific evidence supporting its use is moderate. Multiple randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have evaluated the efficacy of L. rhamnosus as a probiotic in this context. Some studies suggest modest benefits, particularly in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis and reducing the frequency of relapses. For example, a 2011 meta-analysis (Kang et al., Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology) concluded that while probiotics, including L. rhamnosus GG, could be beneficial in maintaining remission, the magnitude of the effect was generally small and often not statistically significant compared to standard therapies. Mechanistically, L. rhamnosus is thought to exert its effects by modulating gut microbiota, enhancing mucosal barrier integrity, and regulating local immune responses, thereby reducing inflammation. However, results are variable, and not all studies have found significant clinical improvements. The most consistent evidence exists for L. rhamnosus supporting remission rather than achieving active disease control. Overall, while the probiotic is used in clinical practice as an adjunct to conventional therapy, it is not considered a standalone treatment for colitis. Guidelines from gastroenterological societies generally suggest that probiotics like L. rhamnosus may be considered, but with caution and acknowledgment of limited efficacy.

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