Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Lactobacillus, a genus of probiotic bacteria, has been studied for its potential benefits in various gastrointestinal disorders, including colitis. Scientific interest in Lactobacillus for colitis is grounded in its ability to modulate gut microbiota, enhance the intestinal barrier, and influence immune responses. Several clinical trials and animal studies have investigated the effects of different Lactobacillus species (such as L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, and L. reuteri) in both ulcerative colitis and experimental models of colitis. Some studies have shown that certain strains can reduce inflammation, decrease disease activity, and promote mucosal healing. For example, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials published in 2016 found that probiotics containing Lactobacillus species were associated with a higher rate of remission in patients with ulcerative colitis compared to placebo, though the effect size was modest and results varied by strain.

However, evidence is mixed and not all studies demonstrate clear benefit. The efficacy appears to be strain-specific, with some strains showing positive effects and others not. Additionally, most research focuses on multi-strain probiotic formulations rather than single, unspecified Lactobacillus strains, making generalizations difficult. International guidelines suggest probiotics may be considered as adjunctive therapy in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis, but they are not recommended as first-line or sole therapy. Overall, while there is scientific support for the use of certain Lactobacillus strains in colitis, the evidence is moderate and further high-quality research is needed.

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