Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Colitis: Scientific Evidence Overview

Immunoglobulin G (IgG), particularly in the form of oral immunoglobulin preparations (such as serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin, SBI), has been investigated and used as a supportive therapy for colitis, including both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and microscopic colitis. The rationale for its use is based on the ability of IgG to bind microbial antigens, neutralize toxins, and modulate immune responses in the gut.

Several clinical studies and case series suggest that oral IgG may help reduce gastrointestinal inflammation and improve symptoms in patients with certain forms of colitis. For example, published clinical trials have shown that SBI can improve stool frequency and consistency in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) and HIV-associated enteropathy, which share features with colitis. Preclinical studies in animal models of colitis have demonstrated that oral immunoglobulins can reduce intestinal inflammation, restore gut barrier function, and modulate cytokine production.

However, direct, large-scale randomized controlled trials specifically for ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease are limited. The available human data are promising but not definitive, with most evidence coming from small studies or extrapolated from related gastrointestinal conditions. The FDA recognizes SBI as a "medical food" for dietary management of chronic loose and frequent stools, but not as a drug for colitis.

In summary, while there is a scientific basis and emerging clinical evidence supporting the use of IgG for colitis, the strength of evidence is moderate, warranting a score of 3 out of 5. Larger, high-quality trials are needed for stronger recommendations.

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