Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Flavonols, a subclass of flavonoids commonly found in foods like onions, kale, apples, and tea, have been investigated for their potential to support or treat colitis, particularly inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The scientific rationale for their use is based on their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. Preclinical studies, especially in animal models of colitis, have demonstrated that flavonols such as quercetin and kaempferol can reduce colonic inflammation, suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6), and decrease oxidative stress markers. For instance, studies have shown that quercetin supplementation led to decreased severity of colitis symptoms and improved histological outcomes in mice.

Human clinical evidence remains limited but is growing. Some small-scale clinical trials and observational studies suggest that diets rich in flavonol-containing foods may be associated with reduced inflammation and milder disease activity in IBD patients. However, these findings are not yet robust enough for clinical recommendations, as most studies are small, not placebo-controlled, or focus on dietary patterns rather than isolated flavonol supplementation. Overall, while there is a promising scientific basis, especially from animal and mechanistic studies, the direct evidence in humans is moderate, warranting a rating of 3. Larger, high-quality human trials are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of flavonols in colitis management.

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