Flavonoid glycosides are a class of plant-derived compounds that have been explored for their potential therapeutic effects in inflammatory diseases, including colitis. Scientific interest in flavonoid glycosides stems from their demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities in preclinical studies. Experimental models of colitis, such as dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, have shown that administration of various flavonoid glycosides (e.g., rutin, quercetin glycosides, baicalin) can reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathological damage in the colon. These effects are thought to be mediated by inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (like TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1β), suppression of NF-kB signaling, and modulation of gut barrier function.

However, while animal and in vitro studies provide a mechanistic rationale for their use, robust human clinical data are limited. A handful of small clinical trials and observational studies suggest potential benefits of certain flavonoid glycosides in patients with ulcerative colitis, such as improved symptom scores and reduced markers of inflammation, but these studies are generally of low to moderate quality. Overall, the use of flavonoid glycosides for colitis is primarily supported by preclinical scientific evidence, with growing but not yet conclusive support from clinical research.