Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Aloe polysaccharides, primarily derived from Aloe vera gel, have been studied for their potential therapeutic effects in inflammatory bowel diseases, including colitis. The scientific rationale centers on their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and mucosal healing properties. Preclinical studies using animal models of colitis (such as DSS- or TNBS-induced colitis in mice) have demonstrated that aloe polysaccharides can reduce inflammatory cytokine production, decrease histological damage, and improve clinical symptoms of colitis. The presumed mechanisms include inhibition of NF-κB activation, reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, and enhancement of mucosal repair. Some small clinical trials and case reports in humans with ulcerative colitis have reported modest improvements in symptoms and endoscopic findings with oral or rectal aloe vera gel preparations, which are rich in polysaccharides. However, these studies are typically limited by small sample sizes, short durations, and variable product quality. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have concluded that while there is some evidence for benefit, the quantity and quality of clinical data are insufficient to make firm recommendations. Overall, while aloe polysaccharide use for colitis is supported by animal and limited human studies, the evidence base is not yet robust, and further large, well-controlled clinical trials are needed. The current evidence justifies a rating of 2 out of 5.

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