Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Panax ginseng has been studied for its potential role in the prevention of colds and upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). There is moderate scientific evidence supporting its use for this purpose. Several randomized, placebo-controlled trials have investigated standardized ginseng extracts, particularly Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng), but some evidence extends to Panax ginseng as well. These studies suggest a modest reduction in the incidence, duration, and severity of colds among individuals taking ginseng compared to placebo. The proposed mechanism involves immune-modulating effects, such as enhancing natural killer cell activity and increasing the production of cytokines involved in antiviral defense.

Notably, a 2005 randomized trial published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that participants taking North American ginseng extract experienced fewer colds and a reduction in symptom severity and duration. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses note potential benefit, but also highlight that the quality of studies is variable, with some risk of bias and heterogeneity in ginseng preparations used.

Overall, while traditional use exists, modern research provides moderate scientific support for the use of ginseng in cold prevention. More large-scale, high-quality clinical trials are needed to better define its efficacy and optimal dosing for this indication.

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