Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Berries, particularly elderberry (Sambucus nigra), are commonly used in supplements aimed at supporting or preventing colds. The use of elderberry for respiratory ailments dates back to traditional European herbal medicine, but there is also a growing body of scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness. Several randomized controlled trials have found that elderberry extract can reduce the duration and severity of cold and influenza-like symptoms. For example, a 2016 meta-analysis published in "Complementary Therapies in Medicine" concluded that elderberry supplementation substantially reduces upper respiratory symptoms. Elderberries are rich in flavonoids, especially anthocyanins, which are believed to have immune-modulating and antiviral properties. These compounds may inhibit the replication of common cold viruses and reduce inflammation. While most studies have focused on elderberry, other berries like blackcurrant and blueberry also contain high levels of antioxidants and polyphenols, though their specific effects on colds are less well established. It is important to note that while the evidence supporting elderberry is promising, it is not yet definitive, and the effect sizes in studies can vary. Overall, berry flavorings in cold remedies are often justified by both tradition and emerging scientific support, particularly regarding elderberry, but more research is needed to establish their efficacy beyond doubt.

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