Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Star anise (Illicium verum) has a long history of use in traditional Chinese and other Asian medicine systems as a remedy for colds and respiratory ailments. It is often included in herbal mixtures aimed at relieving cough, congestion, and sore throat. The main bioactive compound in star anise is shikimic acid, which is a precursor in the industrial synthesis of oseltamivir (Tamiflu), an antiviral medication used against influenza. However, the presence of shikimic acid in star anise does not translate directly to antiviral or decongestant effects when the whole spice is consumed, as the pharmacological action of Tamiflu requires substantial chemical modification and specific dosing.

While star anise does contain volatile oils such as anethole, which may have mild expectorant or soothing properties, there is no robust clinical evidence supporting its effectiveness as a decongestant or treatment for colds in humans. Most of the support for its use comes from traditional practices and anecdotal reports, rather than well-controlled scientific studies. Therefore, its use for colds is best characterized as traditional, with only modest evidence to support symptomatic relief. Individuals should exercise caution, as star anise can be confused with the toxic Japanese star anise (Illicium anisatum), which is not safe for consumption.

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