Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Piper nigrum (black pepper) has a longstanding history of use in traditional medicine systems, particularly in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine, for the management of colds and respiratory congestion. In these traditions, black pepper is commonly included in herbal formulations or consumed as a hot decoction with honey to promote expectoration, stimulate circulation, and provide a warming effect believed to help clear mucus from the respiratory tract. The pungency of piperine, the main active compound in black pepper, is thought to help "open" the sinuses and reduce feelings of nasal blockage.

Scientific evidence specifically supporting black pepper as a decongestant for colds is limited. Most research has focused on piperine’s bioavailability-enhancing effects and antioxidant properties. Some in vitro and animal studies suggest modest anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions, but these have not been directly linked to clinical efficacy for nasal or chest congestion in humans. The warming and irritant effects may transiently stimulate mucus clearance, but robust clinical trials are lacking. Therefore, while the use of Piper nigrum for colds and congestion is well established in traditional practice, scientific validation remains minimal, and the evidence level is rated as 2 (weak/traditional support).

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