Evidence supporting the use of: Peppermint
For the health condition: Colds (decongestant)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Peppermint oil has long been used in traditional medicine as a remedy for symptoms of colds, particularly to ease nasal congestion. The primary component, menthol, provides a sensation of cooling and can subjectively make breathing feel easier. Historically, inhaling steam with peppermint oil or applying diluted oil to the chest has been a common home remedy across multiple cultures. However, scientific studies provide limited support for its effectiveness as a true decongestant. While menthol can activate cold-sensitive receptors in the nose and airways, leading to the perception of increased airflow, objective measures (such as nasal airflow resistance) generally show no significant decongestant effect. Reviews of clinical evidence, including a 2013 Cochrane review, conclude that menthol does not significantly improve nasal airway resistance, though it may improve subjective symptoms. Thus, while peppermint oil is widely used and supported by tradition for symptomatic relief during colds, its decongestant effect is largely based on perceived rather than actual physiological changes, and high-quality clinical evidence is lacking. Caution is also advised in young children, as menthol-containing products can cause adverse effects.

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