Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Monoterpenes, such as menthol, eucalyptol (1,8-cineole), and limonene, are commonly found in essential oils derived from plants like eucalyptus, peppermint, and citrus. Their use as decongestants in the context of colds is supported by both traditional use and moderate scientific evidence. Monoterpenes, particularly menthol and eucalyptol, have demonstrated mild decongestant effects by interacting with cold-sensitive receptors in the nasal mucosa (TRPM8 receptors), leading to a subjective sensation of improved airflow and relief from nasal congestion. Eucalyptol has also shown some anti-inflammatory and mucolytic properties in clinical studies, which can help reduce symptoms associated with upper respiratory tract infections.

Several randomized controlled trials have reported that inhalation or topical application of these monoterpenes provides symptomatic relief in patients suffering from colds. For example, menthol-containing ointments are widely used as over-the-counter remedies for nasal congestion, and eucalyptol has been shown to improve symptoms in chronic bronchitis and acute rhinosinusitis. However, it is important to note that while these compounds alleviate the sensation of congestion, objective measurements of nasal airflow do not always show significant improvement. Thus, the primary benefit appears to be symptomatic rather than curative. Overall, the use of monoterpenes as decongestants in colds is justified by a combination of traditional use and moderate scientific support.

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