Evidence supporting the use of: Ephedra
For the health condition: Colds (decongestant)
Synopsis
Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2
Ephedra, also known as Ma Huang, has a long history of traditional use in Chinese medicine as a remedy for respiratory conditions, including colds, asthma, and bronchitis. The primary active compounds in Ephedra are ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which are known to have stimulant and decongestant effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) texts describe Ephedra as an herb that "releases the exterior" and "disperses cold," which is interpreted as alleviating symptoms of the common cold such as nasal congestion and cough.
Scientifically, while the mechanism of action is understood—ephedrine acts as a sympathomimetic agent, leading to vasoconstriction and reduced nasal swelling—modern clinical studies specifically evaluating Ephedra for the treatment of colds are limited and of low quality. Most scientific evidence regarding decongestant effects comes from studies on isolated ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, not whole Ephedra preparations. Furthermore, safety concerns related to cardiovascular and nervous system side effects have led to the banning of Ephedra-containing supplements in several countries, including the United States.
In summary, Ephedra’s use for colds as a decongestant is primarily justified by traditional practices, with some pharmacological rationale, but there is limited high-quality scientific validation for its efficacy and significant concerns regarding safety.
Other ingredients used for Colds (decongestant)
allspicewaterhyssop
basil
beta-pinene
black cumin
black currant
black pepper
radish
capsaicinoids
chen pi
citrus oil
clove
turmeric
echinacea purpurea
elderberry
forsythia
garlic bulb
ginger
greek mountain tea
green tea
horseradish
honeysuckle
lemon
licorice root
mint
mustard seed
oregano
peppermint oil
pineapple
pomegranate
quercetin
rhizome
rosemary
schizonepeta
spearmint leaf
thyme
vitamin C
wasabia japonica
water
zinc
hyssop
cardamom
atractylodes
capsicum
mugwort
alpinia galangal
ferula assafoetida
boxthorne
lemongrass
yerba santa
chrysanthemum
sweet flag
eucalyptus
menthol oil
abies spectabilis
horehound
Sichuan pepper
indigo leaves
cayenne pepper
Alcohol
Agastache
Alpha-terpineol
Asarum heterotropoides
Andrographis
Asteracea
allyl isothiocyanate
Allium tuberosum
Arani
Atractylone
Baphicacanthus cusia
Balsam
Bishop's Weed
Black galingale
Bitter Grass
berry
Bee products
Buddha's Hand
Borneol
Coconut
Clerodendrum trichotomum
Capillary Artemisia
Citron
Citrus
Cineole
Capsaicin
Cajuput
Cinnamaldehyde
Costus
Dragonhead
Ephedra
English Horsemint
Echinacea
Elder
Essential Oil Blend
Ephedrine
Fruit
gamma-terpinene
Gallesia
Mustard
salt
Sandalwood
Sweet Orange alcohol