Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Bee propolis, a resinous substance produced by bees, has been traditionally used for its antimicrobial and wound-healing properties. In recent years, scientific studies have explored its efficacy in treating cold sores, which are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). Multiple randomized controlled trials and laboratory studies have shown that topical application of propolis extracts can reduce the duration, severity, and pain associated with cold sores.

One notable randomized, double-blind clinical trial published in Phytomedicine in 2010 found that a 3% propolis ointment was more effective than acyclovir cream in healing labial herpes lesions. The study reported faster lesion healing and a greater reduction in symptoms for the propolis group. Other in vitro studies have demonstrated that propolis exhibits antiviral activity against HSV-1, inhibiting viral replication and preventing the virus from entering host cells.

The mechanism of action is believed to involve the flavonoids and phenolic acids in propolis, which have antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. While more large-scale studies would help confirm optimal dosing and formulations, the current body of evidence suggests that bee propolis is a scientifically validated option for supporting the treatment of cold sores, with efficacy at least comparable to conventional topical antivirals.

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