Vinpocetine is a synthetic derivative of the alkaloid vincamine, which is extracted from the periwinkle plant (Vinca minor). It has been used in several countries, particularly in Europe and parts of Asia, as a prescription drug or supplement to support cognitive function and cerebral circulation. The scientific rationale behind vinpocetine's use for improving brain circulation lies in its pharmacological effects: it is believed to act as a cerebral vasodilator, increasing blood flow to the brain by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 1 (PDE1) and modulating calcium and sodium channels. This, in turn, may enhance oxygen and glucose utilization in neural tissue, which could theoretically benefit individuals with cerebrovascular insufficiency or cognitive impairment.

However, while some small clinical trials and animal studies indicate that vinpocetine may improve certain measures of cerebral blood flow and provide neuroprotective effects, the overall quality and quantity of evidence are limited. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have found mixed or inconclusive results regarding vinpocetine's efficacy in treating cognitive decline or stroke recovery. Regulatory bodies such as the FDA have not approved vinpocetine for any clinical indication, and concerns about the robustness of clinical data persist. Thus, while there is a scientific basis for its use and some clinical research, the evidence is not strong, consistent, or comprehensive enough to firmly support its effectiveness for improving brain circulation.