Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Marine lipids, particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been investigated for their potential benefits in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The rationale for their use is based on their well-established anti-inflammatory properties, which may help modulate the chronic systemic and airway inflammation characteristic of COPD.

Several observational studies have found that diets high in marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids are associated with better lung function and reduced risk or severity of COPD. A few small clinical trials have explored supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids in COPD patients, with mixed results. Some studies report modest improvements in markers of inflammation, exercise capacity, or quality of life, but others show little or no significant benefit.

A 2015 systematic review (Amin et al., 2015) concluded that while omega-3 supplementation may improve some inflammatory biomarkers, there is insufficient evidence to support a significant effect on lung function or clinical outcomes in COPD. Larger and more rigorous clinical trials are needed to definitively determine efficacy.

In summary, there is a scientific rationale and some preliminary evidence for the use of marine lipids in COPD, but the overall quality and consistency of the evidence is low. Marine lipids are not a standard or primary therapy for COPD, but may be used as an adjunct in select patients. The evidence supporting their use for COPD currently rates as weak to moderate (2/5).

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