Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Glutathione, a tripeptide composed of glutamine, cysteine, and glycine, is a major endogenous antioxidant present in human tissues, including the lungs. It plays a critical role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintaining cellular redox balance. In patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), oxidative stress is elevated and contributes to airway inflammation and tissue damage. The rationale for using glutathione in COPD is primarily based on its antioxidant properties and the observation that glutathione levels are often depleted in the lungs of COPD patients.

Several small clinical studies have explored the effects of glutathione supplementation, either via inhalation or orally, in COPD. Some trials of inhaled glutathione (or its precursor, N-acetylcysteine) have shown modest improvements in symptoms and a reduction in the frequency of exacerbations, likely due to enhanced antioxidant defense. However, the evidence is mixed, with some studies failing to demonstrate significant clinical benefits. Oral glutathione has poor bioavailability, limiting its effectiveness in reaching lung tissues.

Overall, there is scientific rationale and some preliminary evidence for the use of glutathione in COPD, primarily as an antioxidant adjunct. Nevertheless, the quality and quantity of supporting clinical data are limited, and major guidelines do not currently recommend glutathione as a standard treatment for COPD. More robust, large-scale trials are needed to establish clear clinical benefits.

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