Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) has been investigated as a supportive treatment during chemotherapy, primarily for its ability to reduce oxidative stress and related side effects. The rationale is grounded in the fact that many chemotherapeutic agents generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative damage in normal tissues and resulting in side effects such as mucositis, neuropathy, and organ toxicity. SOD is an endogenous antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen, thereby mitigating oxidative stress.

Several preclinical studies and a limited number of clinical trials have explored the potential of exogenous SOD (often derived from plant or animal sources, or given as mimetics) to protect normal tissues during chemotherapy without compromising antitumor efficacy. Some early clinical studies, particularly with a recombinant SOD called orgotein, showed a reduction in the incidence and severity of radiation- and chemotherapy-induced tissue damage, such as cystitis and mucositis. However, the evidence from large, well-controlled clinical trials remains limited, and the use of SOD as a standard adjunct therapy is not widely established.

In summary, there is a scientific rationale and some supporting evidence for the use of SOD in reducing chemotherapy side effects, but the overall quality and quantity of the evidence is moderate. Further research is needed to fully establish its efficacy and safety profile in this context.