Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Streptococcus thermophilus is a probiotic bacterium commonly used in the production of yogurt and other fermented dairy products. Its use in supporting or treating chemotherapy side effects, such as diarrhea and gastrointestinal discomfort, is anchored in emerging scientific evidence rather than historical tradition. Preclinical studies and some small human trials suggest that S. thermophilus, often in combination with other probiotics, may help maintain gut barrier function and modulate inflammation during chemotherapy, thereby reducing the incidence and severity of treatment-associated diarrhea and mucositis. For instance, randomized controlled trials of multi-strain probiotic formulations (including S. thermophilus) in cancer patients have shown modest reductions in diarrhea rates and improvements in gut microbiota composition. Proposed mechanisms include enhancement of mucosal immunity, competitive exclusion of pathogens, and production of beneficial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. However, most clinical studies use S. thermophilus as part of a probiotic mix rather than as a standalone intervention, and the evidence is not yet robust enough for universal guideline recommendations. Therefore, while there is scientific rationale and some preliminary evidence supporting its adjunctive use for chemotherapy side effect management, the overall quality and quantity of data are limited, warranting a modest evidence rating.

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