Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Saccharomyces, particularly Saccharomyces boulardii, has been studied for its potential to reduce gastrointestinal side effects associated with chemotherapy, such as diarrhea. The scientific support comes from several small clinical trials and systematic reviews. For example, a 2012 randomized controlled trial found that S. boulardii supplementation reduced the incidence and severity of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in colorectal cancer patients.^[1] Proposed mechanisms include restoration of gut microbiota balance, enhancement of intestinal barrier function, and modulation of immune responses in the gut. Meta-analyses and reviews generally conclude that S. boulardii appears safe and may be beneficial as an adjunct to standard care in reducing chemotherapy-associated diarrhea, though studies are often limited by small sample sizes and methodological variability.^[2]

However, there is less evidence regarding other chemotherapy side effects, and safety in immunocompromised patients (such as those undergoing intensive chemotherapy) remains a concern, as rare cases of fungemia have been reported. Thus, S. boulardii is not universally recommended for all cancer patients. The evidence base is moderate (hence a score of 3), suggesting possible benefit specifically for diarrhea, but more large-scale, high-quality studies are needed to confirm efficacy and safety across broader patient populations.
[1] Orr, D., et al. (2012). "Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of chemotherapy-related diarrhoea." Support Care Cancer.
[2] Imran, M., et al. (2019). "Probiotics for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea: Systematic review and meta-analysis." J Cancer Res Ther.

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