Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

RNA and its derivatives have been explored as supportive agents during chemotherapy, primarily with the aim of reducing treatment-related side effects such as myelosuppression (suppression of bone marrow activity) and mucositis (inflammation of the digestive tract lining). The rationale is that exogenous RNA or nucleotides may help promote the repair and regeneration of rapidly dividing cells affected by cytotoxic agents.

Some clinical studies, especially from the 1970s to the early 2000s, have investigated oral nucleotides, yeast RNA extracts, or nucleotide-rich formulations as adjuncts in chemotherapy regimens. A few randomized trials and observational studies suggested modest benefits, such as improved white blood cell recovery, reduced infection rates, or less severe gastrointestinal toxicity. However, these studies are generally small, have significant methodological limitations, and sometimes involve combined interventions (e.g., nucleotides plus vitamins), making it difficult to isolate the effect of RNA itself.

Major oncology guidelines (e.g., ASCO, NCCN) do not endorse RNA-based supplements as standard supportive care, citing insufficient high-quality evidence. Contemporary research into nucleotides or RNA fragments is ongoing, but as of 2024, robust, large-scale RCTs demonstrating clear benefit and safety are lacking. Thus, while there is some scientific exploration and minor evidence for benefit, it is not strong or conclusive, and RNA is not widely recommended in clinical practice for this purpose.

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