Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Probiotics have been studied for their potential to reduce side effects associated with chemotherapy, particularly gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, mucositis, and general gut dysbiosis. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have investigated the use of various probiotic strains (most commonly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species) in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The evidence suggests that probiotics may reduce the incidence and severity of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and might help maintain gut barrier function, thereby lowering the risk of infection and inflammation. A 2021 meta-analysis in Supportive Care in Cancer found that probiotic supplementation was associated with a reduced risk of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in cancer patients, with a favorable safety profile. However, results are not entirely consistent across studies, and there is variation in the strains used, dosages, and patient populations studied. Importantly, most studies focus on specific probiotic strains rather than unspecified mixtures, so results may not generalize to all probiotic products. Guidelines from oncology societies remain cautious but acknowledge the emerging supportive evidence, particularly for gastrointestinal side effects. Immunocompromised patients should use probiotics with caution due to rare reports of bacteremia or fungemia. In summary, there is moderate scientific evidence supporting the use of certain probiotics to reduce some chemotherapy side effects, but more research is needed to determine optimal strains, dosing, and patient selection.

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