Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Phytocannabinoids, particularly Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), have been investigated for their potential to alleviate chemotherapy-induced side effects, especially nausea and vomiting. Scientific validation for their use comes primarily from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. The most robust evidence exists for THC and synthetic derivatives (such as dronabinol and nabilone) in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), particularly in patients who do not respond to conventional antiemetic drugs. Several clinical trials and meta-analyses have shown that cannabinoids are more effective than placebo and in some cases comparable to or better than standard antiemetics, though side effects such as sedation, dizziness, and dysphoria can occur.

The use of phytocannabinoids for other chemotherapy side effects, such as pain, appetite loss, and neuropathy, is still being explored, with mixed results and generally less robust evidence. Guidelines from organizations such as the American Society of Clinical Oncology acknowledge cannabinoids as an option for refractory nausea and vomiting. Traditional use of cannabis for symptom relief in various cultures also exists, but its mainstream medical use for CINV is supported by modern clinical evidence.

Overall, the evidence base justifies the use of certain phytocannabinoids for reducing chemotherapy side effects, particularly for nausea and vomiting, but further research is needed to clarify their role in other symptoms and to optimize dosing and safety.

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