Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Omega-3 fatty acids, primarily EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), have been investigated for their potential to reduce certain side effects of chemotherapy. Several clinical studies and reviews suggest that omega-3 supplementation may help mitigate chemotherapy-induced inflammation, preserve muscle mass (reduce cachexia), and improve overall quality of life for cancer patients. For example, randomized controlled trials have reported that omega-3 supplementation can help maintain body weight and muscle mass during chemotherapy, potentially counteracting cancer-associated cachexia, a severe form of muscle wasting. Some studies have also shown that omega-3s may reduce the severity of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and improve immune response, although the evidence here is less robust.

Mechanistically, omega-3 fatty acids exhibit anti-inflammatory properties by modulating the production of inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids. This anti-inflammatory effect is thought to underlie some of the observed benefits in reducing chemotherapy side effects. However, not all studies have shown clear benefits, and some have methodological limitations such as small sample sizes or lack of standardized dosages. Major cancer organizations recognize omega-3s as generally safe in the context of supportive care but do not universally recommend them due to the variability in evidence. Overall, there is moderate scientific support for omega-3s in reducing certain chemotherapy side effects, particularly cachexia, but more high-quality research is needed to establish definitive efficacy and guidelines.

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