Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Marijuana (cannabis) is scientifically validated for use in supporting chemotherapy patients, primarily for the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and, to a lesser extent, appetite stimulation. Several well-designed clinical trials and systematic reviews, including those cited by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, have found that cannabinoids—particularly delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and nabilone (a synthetic cannabinoid)—are effective in reducing nausea and vomiting in patients who do not adequately respond to conventional antiemetics. The U.S. FDA has approved two cannabinoid-based drugs, dronabinol and nabilone, specifically for the treatment of CINV. These medications have been shown to be superior to placebo and comparable to older antiemetics, though newer antiemetic regimens are now often preferred due to fewer side effects.

The evidence base is robust, with multiple meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials supporting the efficacy of cannabinoids for CINV. However, cannabinoids are generally considered as second- or third-line agents due to their side effect profile, which can include dizziness, dysphoria, and cognitive impairment. There is also some evidence for cannabis improving appetite (helpful in cancer cachexia), but this is less well-established than its antiemetic effects.

In summary, marijuana and cannabinoid medications have a clear scientific rationale and regulatory approval for supporting chemotherapy patients by reducing certain side effects, especially when conventional treatments are insufficient.

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