Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Lactobacillus species are among the most frequently studied probiotics for mitigating chemotherapy-induced side effects, especially gastrointestinal complications such as diarrhea and mucositis. The scientific rationale is based on Lactobacillus' ability to modulate gut microbiota, enhance mucosal barrier function, and reduce inflammation. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses support their benefit: for example, a 2018 meta-analysis published in Supportive Care in Cancer found that probiotic supplementation, often including Lactobacillus strains, significantly reduced the incidence and severity of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in cancer patients. Another RCT in pediatric patients with acute leukemia reported a reduction in severe gastrointestinal complications with Lactobacillus supplementation.

The proposed mechanisms include competitive inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, production of short-chain fatty acids, and modulation of immune responses in the gut. However, evidence is not uniform: not all studies show benefit, and the effect size varies depending on the chemotherapeutic regimen, patient population, and specific probiotic formulation. There are also safety considerations for immunocompromised patients, such as rare but documented cases of bacteremia.

Overall, the scientific evidence supporting Lactobacillus use to reduce chemotherapy side effects is moderate (rated 3/5), with most benefit seen for prevention of diarrhea. Further large-scale, well-designed trials are needed for more definitive recommendations.

More about Lactobacillus (various species)
More about Chemotherapy (reducing side effects)

Other ingredients used for Chemotherapy (reducing side effects)

Other health conditions supported by Lactobacillus (various species)

Products containing Lactobacillus (various species)