Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Lactobacillus species, as probiotics, have been studied for their potential role in mitigating some chemotherapy-induced side effects, particularly gastrointestinal complications such as diarrhea and mucositis. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses indicate that Lactobacillus-containing probiotics can reduce the incidence and severity of chemotherapy-associated diarrhea, especially in patients undergoing treatment for colorectal and other solid tumors. The hypothesized mechanisms include modulation of gut microbiota, enhancement of intestinal barrier function, and anti-inflammatory effects.

A 2018 meta-analysis in Supportive Care in Cancer found that probiotics, including Lactobacillus species, significantly reduced the risk of severe diarrhea in patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Another systematic review in Nutrients (2020) reported moderate-quality evidence supporting probiotics for reducing chemotherapy-induced diarrhea, but also noted variations in strains, dosages, and study populations.

However, the evidence is not uniform: some studies show minimal or no effect, and there is ongoing debate regarding optimal strains, dosing regimens, and safety—particularly in immunocompromised patients, where rare but serious infections have been reported. Overall, while not universally recommended as standard care, the use of Lactobacillus probiotics for reducing certain chemotherapy side effects is supported by a moderate and growing body of scientific evidence, meriting a middle-tier score on the strength scale.

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