Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Isothiocyanates are a group of naturally occurring compounds found in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. The most studied isothiocyanate, sulforaphane, has received attention for its potential to reduce certain chemotherapy side effects and to enhance the efficacy of some chemotherapeutic agents. Preclinical studies (cell and animal models) have demonstrated that isothiocyanates can induce phase II detoxification enzymes, reduce oxidative stress, and protect normal cells from DNA damage caused by chemotherapy. Additionally, they may modulate inflammatory pathways and support cellular antioxidant defenses, which could theoretically reduce chemotherapy-induced toxicity.

However, evidence in humans is limited. Some small clinical studies and pilot trials have explored isothiocyanate-rich diets or supplements (such as broccoli sprout extracts) in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, suggesting possible improvements in markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, or patient-reported side effects. Yet, these studies are generally underpowered, with methodological limitations, and do not provide definitive proof of efficacy. There is currently insufficient high-quality evidence to recommend isothiocyanates as a standard adjunct to chemotherapy. Importantly, interactions with specific chemotherapeutic drugs remain possible, and patients should consult healthcare providers before using isothiocyanate supplements during cancer treatment.

In summary, while preclinical data are promising and some early human research suggests potential benefit, there is not yet robust clinical evidence to support the routine use of isothiocyanates for reducing chemotherapy side effects.

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